Gestern Abend fand in Brüssel die European Magazine Media Night statt, ausgerichtet vom Europäischen Zeitschriftenverband EMMA. Es war der Auftakt zur heute stattfindenden Innovationskonferenz „Future Media Lab“. Zwei Vorträge und einige Gespräche am Rande sind besonders berichtenswert. Allen voran beeindruckte Michel Barnier, der aus Frankreich stammende EU-Kommissar für Binnenmarkt und Dienstleistungen. Bei ihm liegt die Zuständigkeit für Urheberrecht. Er forderte vehement die Verteidigung von Urheberrechten im Internet ein und kündigte entsprechende EU-Initiativen an.
Barnier lobte das Internet als zentrale technische Innovation, die den Wohlstand Europas und seiner Bürger mehre und noch weiter mehren werde. Um diese Wohlstandseffekte zu erreichen, gelte es, alle Hürden aus dem Weg zu räumen, die der weiteren Entfaltung des Internets im Wege stünden. Dazu zähle auch mangelndes Vertrauen des Publikums in die Sicherheit des Netzes. Über 70 Prozent der Europäer seien misstrauisch, ihre Daten im Internet einzugeben. Deswegen sei eine Reform des Datenschutzrechts unabdingbar. Die neue, im Januar vorgestelte EU-Verordnung zum Datenschutz solle dies leisten.
Als weiteres Wachstumshemmnis nannte Barnier die mangelnde Rechtssicherheit für Urheber. Barnier wörtlich: „Das Internet ist kein rechtsfreier Raum. Es müssen dort dieselben Grundsätze gelten wie überall sonst in der Gemeinschaft. Kreative müssen für ihre Arbeit bezahlt werden. Es ist nicht einzusehen, warum Aggregatoren und Suchmaschinen diese Arbeit ohne Bezahlung in Anspruch nehmen. Zwar wird immer gesagt, es stünde jedem ja frei, diese Verwendung zu blockieren. Aber das ist eine Opt-Out-Lösung. Überall sonst tritt die EU-Kommission für Opt-In-Lösungen ein. Dies tut sie auch hier.“ Barnier machte deutlich, dass die EU-Kommission entschlossen dafür eintritt, Erlösmöglichkeiten für Kreative und Verlage im Internet zu ermöglichen und verteidigen: „Dies ist ein Schlüssel für Wachstum. Zugleich müssen Verlage und Kreative sich an die neuen Bedingungen anpassen und taugliche Geschäftsmodelle entwickeln.“
Mit Blick auf Internet-Piraterie wandte sich Barnier gegen die Kriminalisierung von Nutzern. „Wir müssen uns stattdessen auf die Verfolgung derjenigen konzentrieren, die von der Piraterie profitieren. Hier sieht die EU-Kommission ein wichtiges Arbeitsfeld für die nächste Zeit.“ Barnier kündigte neue Vorschläge an, die er grob auch schon skizzierte. So sieht er – wie im Januar schon angekündigt – das Notice-and-Takedown-Verfahren als wegweisend an und will es weiter entwickeln. Barnier: „Dabei werden wir auf den Ausgleich aller legitimen Interessen achten und alle Meinungen anhören. Wir suchen eine Lösung, die breite gesellschaftliche Anerkennung findet.“
Nach der Rede zeigten einige Gespräche mit EU-Parlamentariern aller Fraktionen, dass die Diskussion in Brüssel anders läuft als derzeit in Deutschland. Selbst grüne und linke Abgeordnete erklären sofort, dass Urheberrechte im Netz akzeptiert werden müssen und man gegen Missbrauch vorgehen sollte. Anders als in Berlin vertrat niemand der Anwesenden die Meinung, dass Geistiges Eigentum abgeschafft werden gehöre oder im Netz weniger Schutz genießen solle als außerhalb des Netzes. Ein deutscher Abgeordneter aus dem linken Spektrum sagte: „Wir müssen uns jetzt intensiv mit der Frage beschäftigen, wie Rechtsverletzungen bekämpft werden sollen. Dafür werden wir Vorschläge entwickeln. Kriminalisierung der Nutzer lehnen wir ab. Wir müssen uns an die Händler illegaler Kopien halten. Es muss effektive Instrumente geben, ihnen das Handwerk zu legen.“
Themenwechsel: Andrew Rashbass, CEO der Economist Gruppe, hielt einen glänzenden Vortrag über die Innovationen des Economist. Die Printauflage wächst stetig weiter und hat jetzt 1,5 Millionen erreicht. Zugleich nehmen die Digital-Abos beständig zu; sie liegen jetzt bei 100.000. Rashbass rechnet mit weiterem Wachstum auf Papier und digital. Besonders wichtig für den Economist sind Tablets. Es zeige sich, dass die Leser auf dem Tablett mindestens so stark involviert seien wie bei Print und erheblich stärker als im Web. Die Lesezeit auf dem Tablets sei so hoch wie bei Print. Nur 16 Prozent der Tablet-Leser würden Beiträge mit Freunden teilen, im Web seien es 42 Prozent. Das Web entpuppe sich mehr und mehr als Lean-Forward-High-Interaction-Medium, während Tablets genau wie Print ein Lean-Back-High-Involvement-Medium sei. Entsprechend müssten die unterschiedlichen Ausgaben gestaltet sein. Im Web stünden Diskussion und andere Interaktionen im Vordergrund, auf dem Tablet ginge es ausschließlich ums Lesen. Dabei gelte stets das bewährte Economist-Prinzip, nicht viel, sondern das Richtige anzubieten. Rashbass: „Over the years thousands of readers have shared their opinion with me. There is only one wish that no one has ever come up with: Please make it thicker.“
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